The Medal of Honor is the highest military award for valor that can be bestowed upon an individual actively serving in the Armed Forces of the United States. Established by the Federal Government to recognize individual acts of bravery during the Civil War, the Medal has remained America's supreme tribute for nearly 140 years and has been awarded to over 3,400 men, and in one instance, a woman. It is generally presented to the recipient by the President of the United States of America in the name of Congress, and for this reason it is often mistakenly called the Congressional Medal of Honor. This point is difficult to understand since there is an organization called The Congressional Medal of Honor Society. However, the only intent of the word Congressional in the name was to indicate this society is chartered by the United States Congress. Not all awards have been for combat service; nearly 200 people have received the Medal of Honor for personal bravery or self-sacrifice while the United States was at peace. And others were "special legislation" awards presented by Congress to individuals for their "lifetime of service," or for "contributions in exploration."
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