Situated in south-eastern Australia, Port Phillip Bay is one of the world's great harbours. A massive body of water, it encompasses an area of 1900 square kilometres of water within 225 kilometres of shoreline. The entrance into the bay is through a narrow stretch of treacherous water known as the 'Rip' , bounded by Points Lonsdale and Nepean: the Heads. This natural harbour provided the ideal location for the settlement which grew to become Melbourne. Towards the end of the 19th century, many colonists in the increasingly prosperous town became fearful of invasion as the European situation became more and more volatile. Both Russia and France were seen as potential enemies and the threat was perceived of a belligerent naval force sailing into Port Phillip Bay.
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